Kerala Plus One Exam 2021 – Focus Areas for All Subjects

posted on Sep. 18, 2021 at 3:57 amOctober 6, 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has constrained the normal classroom sessions for the academic year 2020-21. Currently, plus one classes are conducted through online measures and teachers are providing the much-needed support through social media platforms. The students are going to face the Public examinations in the month of September 2021. For that, we need to consider students with different learning potentials and complete their assessment for the first year of Higher Secondary studies.

Plus One Biology- Focus area question bank (Must Download)

DHSE Released Revised +1 Timetable

The Supreme court has dismissed a petition against the conduct of plus one offline examinations, by expressing its trust on the Government that it will take all the precautions to conduct the examinations by adhering to covid-19 protocols. The Department of Higher Secondary Examination has released the revised timetable for higher secondary first year exam today. As per the latest schedule examinations will be held as shown below.

Date	Subjects
24/09/2021 Friday	Sociology, Anthropology, Electronic Service Technology (Old), Electronic Systems
28/09/2021 Tuesday	Chemistry, History, Islamic History & Culture, Business Studies, Communicative English
30/09/2021 Thursday	Mathematics, Part III Languages, Sanskrit Sastra, Psychology
04/10/2021 Monday	Physics, Economics
06/10/2021 Wednesday	Geography, Music, Social Work, Geology, Accountancy
08/10/2021 Friday	Biology, Electronics,Political Science, Sanskrit Sahithya, Computer Application, English Literature
11/10/2021 Monday	Part I English
13/10/2021 Wednesday	Part II Languages, Computer Information Technology (Old), Computer Science and Information Technology
18/10/2021 Monday	Home Science, Gandhian Studies, Philosophy, Journalism, Computer Science, Statistics

+1 Model exam 2021 question papers and answer keys

[WPSM_COLORBOX id=2554]

Focus Area Topics for +1 Students

Government has decided not to overlook any of the portions in the first year, instead selected some focus areas in all subjects for classroom discussions and annual analysis. These portions are selected contemplating their second-year topics and higher education needs. So now we can concentrate our studies in these topics as it can fetch full marks for the upcoming HSE 1 year examination in September 2021.

Focus areas of Major Subjects are available below. For downloading for each subject in PDF format visit
Plus One Focus Areas 2021- in PDF Format

+1 Focus Area 2021- ENGLISH

Lesson	Focus Area
1.	His First Flight
2.	I Will Fly
3.	If
4.	and then Gandhi Came
5.	The Price of Flowers
6.	Death the Leveller
7.	The Sacred Turtles of Kadavu
8.	The Serang of Ranaganji

Download focus area special notes for Plus One English

+1 Focus Area 2021-MATHEMATICS (SCIENCE)

CHAPTER	FOCUS AREA
1. SETS	1.2 Sets and their representations 1.6 Subsets 1.10 Operations on sets 1.11Complement of a set. 1.12 Practical problems of union and intersection on two sets.
2. RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS	2.3 Relations 2.4.1 Some of functions and their graphs
3. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS	3.3 Trigonometric functions 3.4 Trigonometric functions of sum and difference of two angles.
4. PRINCIPLE OF MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION	4.3 Principle of Mathematical induction [Problems involving equalities only.]
5. COMPLEX NUMBERS AND QUADRATIC EQUATIONS	5.3 Algebra of complex numbers
6. LINEAR INEQUALITIES	6.5 Solution of system of linear inequalities in two variables.
7. PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS	7.2 Fundamental principle of counting 7.4 Combinations.
8. BINOMIAL THEOREM	8.2 Binomial theorem for positive integral indices
9. SEQUENCES AND SERIES	9.5 Geometric progression (GP).
10. STRAIGHT LINES	10.2.2 Condition for parallelism and perpendicularity of a line in terms of their slopes. 10.3.5 Intercept form 10.4 General equation of a line. [Excluding 10.4.1(c) Normal form]
11. CONIC SECTIONS	11.4 Parabola 11.5 Ellipse
12. INTRODUCTION TO THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY	12.3 Coordinates of a point in space 12.4 Distance between two points
13. LIMITS AND DERIVATIVES	13.3 Limits 13.5.1 Algebra of derivatives of a function 13.5.2 [Excluding derivatives of trigonometric functions]
14. MATHEMATICAL REASONING	14.3.1 Negation of statements 14.5.1 Contrapositive and converse
15. STATISTICS	15.5 Variance and Standard deviation
16. PROBABILITY	16.4.2 Probabilities of equally likely outcomes 16.4.3 Probability of the event ‘A or B’. 16.4.4 Probability of event ‘not A’.

Download focus area special notes for Plus One Maths

For downloading for each subject in PDF format, visit
Plus One Focus Areas 2021- in PDF Format

+1 Focus Area 2021-Chemistry

Name of unit	Focus area
SOME BASIC CONCEPT OF CHEMISTRY	Law of Definite Proportion Law of Multiple Proportion Atomic and molecular mass Mole concept and molar mass 1.10.1 Limiting reagent
STRUCTURE OF ATOM	Rutherford’s Nuclear model of atom Particle nature of electromagnetic radiation (Planck Quantum theory, Photoelectric effect) Atomic spectrum (Line spectrum of hydrogen) Bohr model for Hydrogen atom Dual behavior of matter Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle 2.6.1 Orbitals and Quantum numbers Filling of orbitals in atom 2.6.6 Stability of completely filled and half filled subshells
CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES	3.3 Modem periodic law and the present form of the periodic table 3.7.1 Trends in Physical Properties
CHEMICAL BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE	The valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) Theory Valence Bond Theory Types of Hybridisation Other Examples of sp3, sp2 and sp Hybridisation Molecular Orbital Theory Bonding in some homonuclear diatomic molecules (Hydrogen molecule, Helium molecule and Oxygen molecule)
STATES OF MATTER	Boyle’s Law (Pressure – Volume Relationship) Charles’ Law (Temperature – Volume Relationship) 5.5.4 Avogadro Law (Volume – Amount Relationship) 5.6 Ideal gas equation (Derivation of ideal gas equation and related problems only) Kinetic molecular theory of gases Behaviour of real gases: deviation from ideal gas behaviour
THERMODYNAMICS	The system and surrounding Types of the system The internal energy as state function [(c) The general case] Enthalpy, H [(a) A useful new state function, (b) Extensive and intensive properties] Enthalpy change, A,H of a reaction – reaction enthalpy [(a) Standard enthalpy of reaction, (e)Hess law of constant heat summation-statement and illustration) 6.6 Spontaneity
EQUILIBRIUM	7.3 Law of chemical equilibrium and equilibrium constant 7.4.1Equilibrium constant in gaseous systems 7.10.1 Arrhenius concept of acids and bases
	The Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases Lewis acids and bases The Ionization Constant of Water and its Ionic Product The pH Scale 7.12 Buffer solutions (Definition and example only)
REDOX REACTIONS	8.3 Oxidation number – Types of Redox Reactions, Balancing of Redox Reactions (Half reaction method)
HYDROGEN	9.3.2 Commercial Production of Dihydrogen Hydrides Hard and Soft Water Storage of Hydrogen peroxide (H202)
THE s-BLOCK ELEMENTS	10.1.6 Chemical Properties- Solutions in liquid ammonia Anomalous properties of lithium Some important compounds of sodium – Sodium Carbonate (Washing Soda),Na2CC>3- 10H2O, Sodium Hydrogen carbonate (Baking Soda), 10.9 Some important compounds of calcium
THE p -BLOCK ELEMENTS	Diborane 11.7 Allotropes of carbon 11.8.1 Carbon monoxide Silicones
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES	Nomenclature of organic compounds Isomerism Detection of Carbon and Hydrogen Detection of Other Elements – (A) Test for Nitrogen 12.10.1 Carbon and Hydrogen
HYDROCARBONS	Preparation(alkanes)- From unsaturated hydrocarbons, From alkyl halide(Wurtz reaction) Properties – Isomerization, Aromatization Conformations Preparation(alkenes) – From alkyl halides Properties – Addition of hydrogen halides Preparation(alkynes) Properties – Addition of water, Cyclic polymerization Preparation of Benzene Properties – Nitration, Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction
ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY	Tropospheric Pollution – Global Warming and Greenhouse Effect, Acid rain 14.3 Water pollution – Biochemical Oxygen Demand(BOD) Green chemistry in day- to-day life

Download focus area special notes for Plus One Chemistry

[WPSM_COLORBOX id=2554]

+1 Focus Area 2021-PHYSICS

Physical World	1.2 Scope and Excitement of Physics
Units and Measurement	2.2 The International System Of Units 2.10. Dimensional Analysis and its applications
Motion in A Straight Line	3.2 Position, Path Length and Displacement 3.3 Average Velocity and Average Speed 3.5 Acceleration 3.6 Kinematic Equations For Uniformly Accelerated Motion
Motion in A Plane	4.2 Scalars and Vectors 4.10 Projectile Motion
Laws of Motion	5.5 Newton’s Second Law Of Motion 5.7 Conservation Of Momentum 5.9.1 Friction 5.10 Circular Motion
Work, Energy and Power	6.3 Work 6.4 Kinetic Energy 6.7 The Concept of Potential Energy 6.8 The Conservation of Mechanical Energy 6.11 Power
Systems Of Particles and Rotational Motion	7.6 Angular Velocity and Its Relation with Linear Velocity 7.7 Torque and Angular Momentum 7.9 Moment of Inertia 7.10 Theorems of Perpendicular and Parallel Axes
Gravitation	8.3 Universal Law of Gravitation 8.5 Acceleration Due to Gravity of The Earth 8.6 Acceleration Due to Gravity Below and Above The Surface Of Earth
Mechanical Properties Of Solids	9.3 Stress and Strain 9.4 Hooke’s Law 9.5 Stress Strain Curve
Mechanical Properties of Fluids	Pascal’s Law Hydraulic machines 10.4 Bernoulli’s Principle (10.4.1 to 10.4 .4 not necessary)
Thermal Properties of Matter	11.5 Thermal Expansion 11.8 Change Of State
Thermodynamics	12.5 First Law Of Thermodynamics 12.8 Thermodynamic Processes 12.9 Heat Engines
Kinetic Theory	13.4 Kinetic theory of an ideal gas
Oscillations	14.3 Simple Harmonic Motion 14.8.2 The simple pendulum
Waves	15.3 Displacement relation in a progressive wave 15.4 The Speed of A Travelling Wave

Download focus area special notes for Plus One Physics

+1 Focus Area 2021-BOTANY

CHAPTER NAME	FOCUS AREA
Chapter 1 BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION	Table 2.1 Characteristics of the Five Kingdoms (R.H. Whittaker‘s Classification) 2.3 Kingdom Fungi (General characters of Fungi, page 22 and 23) 2.6 Viruses (page 25 and 26)
Chapter 3 PLANT KINGDOM	Algae (General characters of algae, page 30 to 32) and Table 3.1 Divisions of Algae and their main characteristics(page 33) Bryophytes (page 34 to 35)
Chapter 5 MORPHOLOGY OF FLOWERING PLANTS	5.1 The Root Modifications of Root The Stem Modifications of Stem The Leaf The Inflorescence The Flower Parts of a Flower( 5.5.1.1 to 5.5.1.4) Fabaceae (Floral characters and Floral Formula) 5.9.3 Liliaceae (Floral characters and Floral Formula)
Chapter 6 ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS	Meristematic tissues 6.1.2.2 Complex Tissues Epidermal Tissue System 6.2.3 The Vascular Tissue System Dicotyledonous root Monocotyledonous root Dicotyledonous stem Monocotyledonous stem Dorsiventral (Dicotyledonous leaf)
Chapter 8 CELL : THE UNIT OF LIFE	Prokaryotic cells 8.5.1 Cell Membrane Mitochondria Plashds Ribosomes 8.5.10 Nucleus
Chapter 10 CELL CYCLE AND CELL DIVISION	10.1.1 Phases of Cell Cycle 10.2 to 10.2.5 – M Phase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis 10.4 to 10.4.2 – Meiosis, Meiosis I and Meiosis II
Chapter 11 TRANSPORT IN PLANTS	Water Potential Osmosis Plasmolysis Imbibition 11.3.1 How do plants absorb water? 11.3.2.2 Transpiration Pull Transpiration
Chapter 12 MINERAL NUTRITION	Criteria for essentiality of elements Nitrogen cycle Biological Nitrogen fixation, Symbiotic biological nitrogen fixation, Nodule Formation.
Chapter 13 PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN HIGHER PLANTS	Where does Photosynthesis take place? How many types of Pigments are involved in Photosynthesis? What is light reaction? The Electron Transport Splitting of water Cyclic and Non-cyclic Photo-phosphorylation Chemiosmotic Hypothesis The Primary acceptor of CO 2 Calvin cycle
Chapter 14 RESPIRATION IN PLANTS	Glycolysis Fermentation Aerobic respiration Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ETS and Oxidative Phosphorylation
Chapter 15 PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	Plant Growth Regulators – Characteristics Auxins Gibberellins Cytokinins Ethylene Abscisic acid Photoperiodism

Download focus area special notes for Plus One Botany

For downloading for each subject in PDF format, visit
Plus One Focus Areas 2021- in PDF Format

+1 Focus Area 2021-ZOOLOGY

Name of the Chapter	Focus Area
Chapter 1 The Living world	Table 1.1 ( Scientific name of Man and Housefly) 1.4 Taxonomical AIDS
Chapter 4 Animal Kingdom	Symmetry Diploblastic and Triploblastic Organisation Coelom Phylum Porifera ( ostia, osculum, choanocytes; examples) Phylum Coelenterata (Cnidoblast; alternation of generations; examples) Phylum Ctenophora (Comb plates; Bioluminescence; examples) Phylum Platyhelminthes (Adaptations of parasitic forms; examples) Phylum Aschelminthes (Difference between male & female worms; Egs) Phylum Annelida (Metamerism; Parapodia,nephridia- function; examples) Phylum Arthropoda (Malpighian tubules ; Egs for economically important insects & vectors) Phylum Mollusca (Radula; examples) Phylum Echinodermata (Water vascular system; examples) Phylum Chordata (Fundamental characteristics only) Table 4.1-Comparison of Chordates and Non-chordates Class Chondrichthyes (Scales; Eg Scoliodon, Pristis) Class Osteichthyes (Significance of air bladder; Scales Eg Hippocampus, Catla); Difference between chondrichthyes and osteichthyes) Class Amphibia (Respiration; Cloaca; eg : Salamandra , Rana) Class Reptilia (Epidermal scales, skin cast; examples) Class Aves(Adaptations; examples) Class Mammalia (Characteristics; Examples)
Chapter 7 Structural organisation in Animals	Epithelial tissue (three types of Simple Epithelium,their location and function ; Tight junction, Adhering junction and Gap Junction) Connective tissue (Functions of Areolar; Adipose; tendons; ligaments) Muscle tissue (figure 7.7 Comparison of skeletal, smooth & cardiac muscle tissue) Neural tissue (Neuroglial cells-fiinction) Morphology (mouth parts) Anatomy( Alimentary canal of cockroach; Nervous system of Cockroach – Ommatidia; Mosaic vision)
Chapter 9 Biomolecules	Primary and secondary metabolites (table 9.3 some secondary metabolites) Proteins (Table 9.5 proteins and their functions) Structure of proteins (primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure, figure 9.4) Nature of Bond finking monomers in a polymer (peptide, glycosidic, phospho diester bond; Structure of DNA) Factors affecting enzyme activity (Temperature and pH; concentration of substrate) Classification and nomenclature of enzymes Co factors
Chapter 16 Digestion and Absorption	Alimentary canal (Thecodont,Diphyodont,Heterodont: dental formula of man; layers in the wall of alimentary canal, figure 16.4) Digestion of food -(function of mucus and bicarbonate ions; inactive enzymes in pancreatic juice; functions of Goblet cells; succus entericus Disorders of Digestive system
Chapter 17 Breathing and Exchange of Gases	Human Respiratory System (Pharynx,Glottis,Epiglottis, Pleura ; Steps in Respiration) Mechanism of breathing Respiratory volumes and Capacities (TV, RV) Transport of Oxygen 17.6 Disorders
Chapter 18 Body Fluids and circulation	ABO grouping(Table 18.1 blood groups and donor compatibility) RH grouping (Erythroblastosis Foetalis) Coagulation of blood Human circulatory system(Pericardium,bicuspid valve, tricuspid valve, semilunar valves, SAnode, AV node, bundle of HIS, purkinje fibres 18. 3. 2 Cardiac cycle (systole, diastole, heart sounds) ECG (figure 18.3; waves in ECG,significance) Disorders of circulatory system
Chapter 19 Excretory products and their elimination	Ammonotelic, uricotelic, ureotelic Human excretory system(structure of nephron) Urine formation Regulation of kidney function (Function of ADH & ANF ; Renin – Angiotensin mechanism ) Disorders of the excretory system (Uremia, Glomerulonephritis)
Chapter 20 Locomotion and movement	Structure of contractile proteins Mechanism of muscle contraction (Stages of Cross bridge formation) Refer Fig: 20.4 Skeletal system (ribs) Joints Disorders (Arthritis,Osteoporosis,Gout)
Chapter 21 Neural control and coordination	Neuron as structural and functional unit of neural system Transmission of impulses Fore Brain (Corpus callosum, hypothalamus and its functions) Midbrain (Corpora quadrigemina) Hind brain Reflex action and reflex ar, Parts of an eye, The Ear – structure
Chapter 22 Chemical control and coordination	Hypothalamus(Function of GnRH, Somatostatin) The Pituitary gland (Functions of GH,TSH,FSH,Oxytocin, Vasopressin; Gigantism, acromegaly, dwarfism, diabetes insipidus)Pineal glandThyroid gland (Functions of Thyroid hormones)Parathyroid Adrenal gland (emergency hormones) Pancreas (Hormones and their function) Testis(Leydig cells,androgens) Ovary (Corpus luteum, progesterone, oestrogen) Hormones of heart, kidney and gastrointestinal tract (Atrial natriuretic factor, erythropoietin)

Download focus area special notes for Plus One Zoology

+1 Focus Area 2021-ACCOUNTANCY WITH COMPUTERISED ACCOUNTING

Name of Chapter	Focus Area
Introduction to Accounting	Meaning of Accounting Qualitative Characteristics of Accounting information Objectives of Accounting Basic Terms in Accounting
Theory Base of Accounting	Basic Accounting Concepts Business Entity Concept Money Measurement Concept Going Concern Concept Accounting Period Concept Dual Aspect Concept Matching concept Conservatism concept
Recording of Transactions -I	Accounting Equation Rules of Debit and Credit Books of original Entry Journal Ledger Distinction between Journal and Ledger Posting from Journal
Recording of Transactions -II	Special Journals Single Column Cash Book Double Column Cash Book Petty Cash Book Purchases Book Sales Book
Bank Reconciliation Statement	Concept of Bank Reconciliation Statement Causes of differences between the cash book and the bank passbook balances
Trial Balance and Rectification of Errors	Meaning of Trial Balance Objectives of Preparing the Trial Balance Preparation of Trial Balance – Balances Method
Financial Statements -1	Trading & Profit and Loss Account Relevant items in Trading and Profit and Loss Account Concept of Gross Profit and Net profit Balance Sheet Preparation of Trading and Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet (Simple problems)
Financial Statements – II	Treatment of the following adjustments in the Preparation of Financial Statements Closing Stock Outstanding Expenses Prepaid Expenses Accrued Income Income received in advance Depreciation Preparation of trading and profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet with the above adjustments
Computerised Accounting System	Concept of Computerised Accounting System Comparison between Manual and Computerised Accounting Advantages of Computerised Accounting System

Download focus area special notes for Plus One Accounting with CA

+1 Focus Area 2021-BUSINESS STUDIES

Name of Chapter	Focus Area
Business, Trade and Commerce	Concept of Business Characteristics of Business Activities Classification of Business Activities Industry and its Categories Commerce Trade and Auxiliaries to Trade
Forms of Business Organisation	Sole Proprietorship – Features, Merits and demerits Partnership – Features Partnership Deed and its Contents Cooperative Societies – Features Joint Stock Company – Features Public Company and Private Company
Business Services	Commercial Banks and its Functions e-Banking Insurance – Principles Warehousing – Types
Emerging Modes of Business	Concept of e-Business Difference between e-business and traditional business Concept of Outsourcing
Social Responsibility of Business and Business Ethics	Concept of Social Responsibility Kinds of Social Responsibility Social Responsibility towards different Interest Groups Environmental Protection- Types of Pollution
Formation of a Company	Functions of a Promoter Memorandum of Association and its Contents Articles of Association Differences between Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association Prospectus
Sources of Business Finance	Sources of Finance Retained Earnings Issue of Shares – Equity shares – Preference Shares Debentures
Internal Trade	Retail Trade Fixed Shop Retailers Large Retailers Departmental Stores and its Features Multiple shops – Merits and Limitations Super Markets – Features Vending machines

[WPSM_COLORBOX id=2554]

+1 Focus Area 2021-COMPUTER SCIENCE

Chapter	Focus Area
1. The Discipline of Computing	Evolution of Computing machines (Abacus, Difference engine, Analytical engine), Generations of computers
2. Data Representation and Boolean Algebra	Number systems, Number conversions – Decimal to non decimal and reverse, Shortcut methods (avoid fractional conversion) Representation of integers (Sign & Magnitude, l’s and 2’s compliments) and characters (ASCII & Unicode), Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) and logic gates, Simple circuit designing.
3. Components of the Computer System	Processor, Ports, Memory (RAM only with measuring units), e-Waste and disposal methods, System software (OS, Language processors – compiler and interpreter), Free and open source software.
4. Principles of Programming and Problem Solving	Phases in programming (Listing only), Debugging (Types of errors), Flowchart symbols, Development of algorithms and flowcharts to solve simple problems only (except looping).
5. Introduction to C++ Programming	Tokens and classification with examples
6. Data types and Operators	Fundamental data types, Variables, Operators and classifications, Type conversion, Various types of statements, Structure of C++ program.
7. Control Statements	Decision making statements (if, if – else, if – else if, switch), Iteration statements (while, for, do – while) – syntax and working, (Nesting not required), Jump statements (break, continue). (No programming)
8. Arrays	Declaration, Initialisation, Accessing elements, Operations (listing only with concept), Traversal operation with simple program.
9. String Handling and I/O Functions	Array declaration for string and initialisation, Input/Output operations, Use of get(), getline(), put(), write() functions. (No programming)
10. Functions	Modular programming and merits, Predefined functions (string, mathematical, character), User-defined functions (Syntax, Concept of arguments and return value). (No programming)
11. Computer Networks	Advantages of network, Key terms (Bandwidth, noise, node), Communication devices (switch, router, gateway, bridge, modem), Network topologies, Identification of computers over network (MAC, IP)
12. Internet and Mobile Computing	Services on Internet (Working procedure is not required), Cyber security (Computer virus, Trojan horse, hacking, phishing).