What all are the principles of motivation?

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Describe the principles of personnel motivation.

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Following are the important principles of motivation:
1. Principle of Participation—It is one of the most important principle of motivation that people in the organisation should be induced to participate in decision-making process in matters concerning them. Participation involves consultation with subordinates in matters relating to their jobs. This opportunity enthuse the people to carry out the decisions carefully in the accomplishment of the objectives because they, themselves were the parties to the decision. Participation makes people more interested and increases their enthusiasm in the job. However, participation should be limited to those decisions only where people can contribute something meaningful to the organsiation.
2. Principle of Communication—The people in the organisation must be informed about the matters concerning the results or objectives of the organisation because the more a person knows about a matter, the more interest and concern he will develop. Communication helps make work purposeful, gives meaning to the job and makes people feel important in the oiganisation. The organisation must also provide an opportunity to the workers to tell their grievances to their elders. Two-way communication—upward and downward—will be more meaningful in motivating the workers.
3. Principle of recognition—People will be motivated to work hard if they get continuing recognition of their efforts. If superiors have a praise for outstanding performance, a credit for efficient service and an appreciation of good work of their subordinates, they will feel satisfied from their work and, they will have a feeling of being proved for their work. Thus recognition tends to motivate the people to work. The management should follow the rule "Praise in public and criticism in private".
4. Principle of delegation of authority—People in the organisation should be allowed to share the responsibility of taking decisions affecting the goals of the organisation by delegating the authority for accomplishing the results. Giving people authority to make their own decisions gives them a vested interest in the results they accomplish and they feel that they are concerned.
5. Principle of individuality—People are different physically and psychologically. The management should not assume that all people in the organisation can be motivated by the same needs or desires. So, the management should ascertain first the needs craving satisfaction in the particular individual's mind and then a motivating situation should be created. Everyone should be treated differently in such a way that they all feel themselves important for the organisation.
6. Principle of guidance—The job of the management is lo guide his subordinates towards the attainment of goals. The managers should give suggestions instead of orders.
Managers should also guide their subordinates by setting an example of good conduct. They often presume at times erroneously that their superior's conduct is the appropriate one for adoption. So, management should play up the positive and be a person worth copying.
7. Principle of confidence—The management should show a confidence in its subordinates. This will instill confidence in themselves. Managers should adopt the attitude that they are sure of their (workers) good performance. This confidence will motivate them to do their best-
Thus, the above principles can be followed for motivating the people at work. It should also be noted here that the management must create a feeling of belonging, team spirit, and group cohesiveness among them by following the above principles.