CRACK UGC-NET JUNE 2008 PHILOSOPHY

[saki]

.... continuation of the previous thread Crack UGC-NET June 2008

THIS IS FOR THOSE APPEARING IN PHILOSOPHY...... REST MAY IGNORE

1 Philosophy of permanence first of all founded by a) Parmaneides
b) Empedocles
c) Zeno
d) St. Augustine

2 Parmenides as victim of linguistic fallacy, said by a) Thomas Hobbes
b) Moore
c) Bertrand Russell
d) David Chalmers

3 Proving absurdity of opposites was a methodology adopted
by
a) Plato
b) Locke
c) Nyayas
d) Zeno

4 Rejection of plurality of things first of all was by
a) Zeno
b) St. Aquinas
c) Bhartihari
d) none of these

5 4 paradoxes of motion advanced by
a) Anselm
b) Berkely
c) Zeno
d) Aquinas


6 Number of elements admitted by Empedocles
a) Zero
b) Infinite
c) One
d) Four

7 Number of elements admitted by Anaxagoras
a) One
b) Four
c) Infinite
d) none of the above

8 2 mythical beings allowing change in elements, Love & Strife
by
a) Empedocles
b) Anaximender
c) Anaximenes
d) Heraclitus

9 The intelligent principle in Anaxagoras which is responsible
for all the change in the world
a) Fire
b) Strife
c) Change
d) Nous (Mind)

10. De Anima (On the Soul) is written by
a) Aristotle
b) St. Aquinas
c) St. Anselm
d) St. Augustine

[saki]

hi... here are the answers for Post-1 of 18 may

1 Philosophy of permanence first of all founded by - a) Parmaneides

2 Parmenides as victim of linguistic fallacy, said by - c) Bertrand Russell

3 Proving absurdity of opposites was a methodology adopted
by - d) Zeno

4 Rejection of plurality of things first of all was by - a) Zeno

5 4 paradoxes of motion advanced by - c) Zeno

6 Number of elements admitted by Empedocles - d) Four

7 Number of elements admitted by Anaxagoras - c) Infinite

8 2 mythical beings allowing change in elements, Love & Strife
by - a) Empedocles

9 The intelligent principle in Anaxagoras which is responsible
for all the change in the world - d) Nous (Mind)

10. De Anima (On the Soul) is written by - a) Aristotle

KEEP CHECKING FOR TODAY'S POST NO. 2 IN THE SERIES.....

ALL THE BEST

[saki]

HI...

TODAY'S POST FEATURES INDIAN PHILOSOPHY....

SO.. HERE WE GO.....


1. Idea of Purusha-Shukta is to be found in
a) Rigveda
b) Samveda
c) Ayurveda
d) Atharveda

2. The sloka "Eko Vishwasya Bhuvnasya" occurs in
a) Isa Upnishad
b) Rigveda
c) Bhagwad Geeta
d) Samveda

3. The story of Yaksha appears in
a) Chhandogya Upnishad
b) Mandukya Upnishad
c) Manduk Upnishad
d) Kenopnishad

4. Sthula, Sukshama and Shudha in Aranyakas are the 3 forms of
a) Nidra
b) Atma
c) Brahman
d) None of these

5. The First commentator of Vedas was
a) Gaudpada
b) Yajnyavalkaya
c) Nachiketa
d) Shankara

6. Doctrine of para-apara vidya is to be found in
a) Svetaswatara Upnishad
b) Brihdranyaka Upnishad
c) Chhandogya Upnishad
d) Mundaka upnishad

7. The different kinds of Sannikarsha according to Nyaya are
a) 6
b) 3
c) 4
d) 2

8. Sarvadarshana Samgraha is written by
a) Patanjali
b) Nagarujuna
c) Jyanta Bhatta
d) Madhava

9. The Nyayakis maintain that the revival of 'silver' in the memory
is due to
a) Alaukik Pratyaksha
b) Jnanalakshana Pratyaksha
c) Laukik Pratyaksha
d) None of the above

10. The Samkhayas regard error as
a) Misapprehension
b) Non-Apprehension
c) Cognition
d) None of the above



all the best...........

[sweetgirl]

Hi Saki

You doing great things... I heard this forum has a lot of useful posts on philosophy... and met with your post,,, really great.. thank you dear

[saki]

sorry for these few days' delay... the posts will be regular now...

thanx for the appreciation sweetgirl.... my belief is together we march, together we WIN.....

ALL THE BEST FOR YOUR EXAM....

[saki]

HI... HERE ARE THE ANSWERS TO THE POST INDIAN PHILOSOPHY SPECIAL.......

1. Idea of Purusha-Shukta is to be found in - c) Ayurveda
2. The sloka "Eko Vishwasya Bhuvnasya" occurs in - b) Rigveda
3. The story of Yaksha appears in - d) Kenopnishad
4. Sthula, Sukshama and Shudha in Aranyakas are the 3 forms of -
b) Atma
5. The First commentator of Vedas was - b) Yajnyavalkaya
6. Doctrine of para-apara vidya is to be found in - d) Mundaka upnishad
7. The different kinds of Sannikarsha according to Nyaya are - a) 6
8. Sarvadarshana Samgraha is written by - d) Madhava
9. The Nyayakis maintain that the revival of 'silver' in the memory
is due to - b) Jnanalakshana Pratyaksha
10. The Samkhayas regard error as - a) Misapprehension

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[saki]

hi.. today's post features WESTERN ETHICS

1. The superiority of mental pleasure over bodily pleasure is accepted by
a) Bentham and Mill
b) Mill and Epicureans
c) Epicureans and Hobbes
d) Hobbes and Bentham

2. Ethical Intuitionism is advocated by
a) Henry Sidgwick
b) W. D. Ross
c) Bentham
d) J. S. Mill

3. Prescriptivism is advocated by
a) C. D. Broad
b) Immanuel Kant
c) R. M. Hare
d) C. L. Stevenson

4. The Prescriptivist reject all kinds of
a) Hedonism
b) Utilitarianism
c) Perfectionism
d) Descriptivism

5. Emotivism holds that a moral judgment is
a) persuasive in nature
b) an imperative
c) a categorical obligation
d) a universalizable principle

6. "The job of ethical language is to express feeling in the sense of arousing feeling and to stimulate action." This view is held by
a) Hume
b) Russell
c) Ayer
d) Nowell-Smith

7. According to Kant, a moral law is
a) a priori and based on reason
b) a priori and not based on reason
c) a posteriori and not based on reason
d) a posteriori adn based on reason

8. Telelogical theories say that an action is right if
a) it is done for the sake of duty
b) it is done under duress
c) its consequences are good
d) it is done for its intrinsic worth

9. The theory of conduct that bases the rightness of an act not entirely upon consequences is called
a) Act-utilitarianism
b) Rule-utilitarianism
c) Relativism
d) Deontological Theory

10. For Kant, the notion of 'right' is applicable to
a) all living beings
b) fully rational creatures
c) a holy will
d) man who is rational and yet has inclinations

ALL THE BEST.....

[saki]

hi... m back with the answers of WESTERN ETHICS Post

here are these

1. b) Mill and Epicureans
2. a) Henry Sidgwick
3. c) R. M. Hare
4. d) Descriptivism
5. b) an imperative
6. c) Ayer
7. a) a priori and based on reason
8. c) its consequences are good
9. d) Deontological Theory
10. d) man who is rational and yet has inclinations

wait for the next post....

[saki]

hi, today's post features CONTEMPORARY INDIAN THINKERS......


1. Creation is expression of joy according to
a) Vivekananda
b) Aurobindo
c) Ramkrishna Paramhansa
d) Iqbal

2. Evolution, according to Aurobindo, consists of
a) widening and heigtening
b) integration
c) only widening and integration
d) both a and b

3. The process of Ascent Through Descent or the way by which higher descends into lower, uplifts and transforms it so that lower
ascends into the higher
a) widening
b) transformation
c) upliftment
d) integration

4. The most prominent feature of Self accordint to Iqbal is
a) freedom
b) consciousness
c) self-consciousness
d) none of these

5. The distinction between perceived body and felt body is given by
a) Krishnamurti
b) Bhattacharya
c) Tagore
d) Vivekananda

6. The valid means of acquiring knowledge according to Radhakrishnan is
a) sabda
b) inference
c) perception
d) intuition

7. Gandhi an idealist advocates...... the ultimate destiny of mankind
a) democracy
b) monarchy
c) anarchy
d) none of these

8. Gandhi favors ...... of political and economic power
a) centralization
b) decentralization
c) self-rule
d) both a and b

9. The kind of ignorance admitted by Aurobindo are
a) Seven
b) Three
c) Twelve
d) Two

10. Ends and means according to Gandhi are
a) independent of each other
b) complementary
c) both of above
d) interdependent

all the best.........

[saki]

hi... m back with the answers to the post about CONTEMPORARY INDIAN THINKERS

here are these

1. b - Aurobindo
2. d - both a and b
3. d - integration
4. a - freedom
5. b - bhattacharya
6. d - intuition
7. c - anarchy
8. b - decentralization
9. a - seven
10. d - interdependent

wait for the next post......

[saki]

hi....... as only few days are left..... from now on the posts will share notes on imporatant topics..... todays topic is on SAMKHYA


SAMKHYA PHILOSOPHY

The first definitive statement of the Samkhya philosophy is attributed to Kapila and the first definitive extant text is the Samkhya-kapila of circa 4th century CE. The philosophy is 'dualistic'. On the one hand there is Prakriti (nature or matter) and on the other is Purusha (soul or consciousness).

Prakriti is comprised of three qualities (Gunas) which interact in the make up of physical things in a manner not unlike the relationship between atoms and molecules. The characteristics of the three gunas are illustrated in the following table:

TAMAS RAJAS SATTVA
dullness passion virtue
dark, stupid, ugly active force beautiful, good
sloth energy intelligence and
self-conscious

Evolution takes place within Prakriti (nature or matter).

-Sattva is the highest manifestation, and the quality to be aimed at and realised.
-Tamas provides obstacles to this realisation.
-Rajas is the force by which the obstacles may be overcome

But, having unfolded, Sattva can again be enfolded - the good, wise, beautiful and virtuous have the impermanence of all created things!
Cause and effect are seen as different temporal aspects of the same thing - the effect lies latent in the cause which in turn seeds the next effect.

Words cannot do justice to Purusha - it is the Self, the Absolute, pure consciousness.

Purusha is a conscious witness which neither acts nor refrains from action. There is a relationship like that between a lame man (Purusha) and a blind man (Prakriti). Through association with Prakriti, Purusha gains experience of material existence and Prakriti has the possibility, through rajas and sattva, of knowing that which lies beyond material existence.

Each person is composed of Prakriti (gross body) and is simultaneously Purusha (subtle body). But most people cannot see the difference. Because they are obviously Prakriti in substance people have the illusion of being Prakriti also in essence. Thus is soul bound to matter. But the soul can know its true nature and find release. Meditation is the key.

When attempting meditation for the first time you will be amazed at how busy your mind is and how easily it slides from sloth to passion to intelligence and back again. If up-front consciousness is a motor car then different characters can be thought of as being in the driver's seat at different times. You are all those characters. But there is an old granny in the back seat watching the young ones taking turns behind the wheel. You are also that granny.

In time and with practice (the Darshana known as Yoga explains how) you will come to know that granny and what lies behind her. Thus is release from matter and realisation of soul achieved.

Samkhya and Yoga agree on ends:
1) The object of existence is to realise moksha, release or liberation.
2) This means release from the obscurations caused by mind stuff and sense objects.
3) When we can see through the fog created by the mind and by the senses we can experience our true Self in all its pristine purity.
4) When this happens the world and all our activities appear as a picture show, having no permanent reality.
5) Although we continue to live and act we are no longer involved in it as we were formerly.
6) We are detached because we now understand it.

YOUR REPLIES/SUGGESTIONS WILL MAKE THE FUTURE POSTS BETTER......

ALL THE BEST....

[diana_simson]

Hi Saki

Thanks for sharing the notes.. IT will be of great help

But will you please start a new thread for notes..? I feel if you attach it with the questions.. it will be posted in 3rd and 4th pages, so many will miss your great guidance.. so please start a new thread for notes

Love
diana