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Briefly describe the methods of personnel research
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Various methods and tools may be used in the conduct of personnel research. Of the various alternatives available, a choice has to be made of research designs usually the following techniques or tools are used for personnel research:
(a) Historical studies; (e) Mathematical models;
(b) Case studies; (J) Simulation; and
© Survey research; (g) Field or action research.
(d) Statistical studies;
(a) Historical Studies—Past records and documents are systematically investigated, and interviews are conducted with former employees. Almost all big organisations maintain records of the various personnel problems— absenteeism, turnover, accident rates, wage structures, etc. The essential feature of this method is "its systematic investigation, utilising an extended time span or longitudinal dimension."
(b) Case Studies—These consist of analytically investigating the relationships which are significant in a particular situation or set of circumstances. Although the precise meaning of the findings of a case study is limited to its unique past situation, a careful analysis and thoughtful generalisation may be derived from it, which endows it with a broader significance and application. Individual case studies may lead to the formulation of general hypotheses which would be useful in laying a foundation for additional or more intensive future research. The main merit of this method is that it enables the researcher to mate a thorough, in-depth investigation of key incidents or situations, while its demerit is that it is historical in nature and does not necessarily represent general conditions.
© Survey Research-In a survey research, attention is concentrated on the collection of original data by administering a questionnaire or conducting a structured interview. Certain research hypotheses are established, and survey questions are designed to collect data. The correlation among observed phenomena. Possible causes and related efforts are then computed, and conclusions are drawn. This method is time- consuming and costly, and has been criticised on the ground that its application may emphasise the importance of the collection of data and not the importance of analysing these data and formulating a theory on their basis."
(d) Statistical Studies—These studies deal with the collection, analysis, classification and interpretation of mathematical data and quantitative information. They lay emphasis on the importance of quantification, mathematical manipulation, and statistical inference. They may use averages, means, medians, modes, measures of dispersion, trends, regressions and correlations. Their use is becoming increasingly widespread because of the development of high-speed modern electronic data-processing equipment.
(e) Mathematical Models—Mathematical models are generally used in research to explain the relationship among the variables that are to be examined. They help us to develop and test the designs and sequences of equations with tentatively describe the behaviour of interacting variables in terms of mathematical notations. They also help us to examine comparatively simple and extremely complex relationships and evolve decision-rules of wide applicability.
(f) Simulation—Computers have popularised designs involving simulation. The process begins with the statement of a hypothesis. It is used to study problems of hiring and training of personnel and of collective bargaining.
(g) Field or Action Research—This method is best in understanding group behaviour in communities and working organisations. In these observers himself becomes a variable in the process of observation. This self-involvement on the part of the researcher gives him new insights and these are gained from an active interaction.
